当代健康(原标题: 如何向医生描述自己的症状)
怎么向医师描绘自己的症状
基本原则：要实在，不隐秘。
当你向医师描绘自己的症状时，不需求用专业术语，可是假如可以的话，这可以让这个问诊进程愈加便利。
无论是说你胸部的刺痛感仍是心境的大幅动摇，在医师那里，他们都会把这些信息与某些病症相联络。
这不像是在体检或是试验进程中提取信息，症状自查需求你对自己的身体情况满足关怀，满足了解。
假如你能清楚地向医师描绘自己的症状，那么医师就可以做出精确的确诊，拟定最佳医治计划。所以当你描绘自己的情况是，不要遮遮掩掩，并尽量详细，不要遗失过多的细节。
上文现已提及过，这个进程并不需求咱们对医学术语十分了解。
“患者用自己的话病症十分重要，不要想着怎样运用专业术语，也不要臆断医师想要听到你供给哪些信息，尽或许用自己的话把症状说清楚就行了。” 加州大学疾病监控中心的临床医学助理教授Barrett Levesque如是说。
Michael Klinkman是密歇根大学健康体系的家庭医学教授，他也十分附和这一观念。他举了个比方，当你描绘的时分，你可以说：“我觉得肚子很痛，很不舒畅。”其实这样简单明了的描绘就可以了。
当然假如你可以打一些比方来更生动地描绘你的感觉就更好了。
比方说，你可以这样描绘：“我觉得头很痛，感觉像锤子在不断的敲打头的一侧相同。”从这样的话傍边，医师就可以得出这样的信息：这是单独面的一侧头痛，这是一种剧烈的阵痛感，那么依据他的描绘，医师就或许会得出丛集性头痛的定论。
描绘症状的时分，应该要包括这些内容：你的感觉，假如是生理上的病痛，那么它在身体的什么部位，发作的频率大概是怎样，这些症状是从什么时分开端的等等，假如可以的话，也可以说说这是不是跟你的某一活动有联络，比方说气候，时刻，食物或许饮料，或许任何你认为与病况相关的工作。
Levesque说，这有助于协助咱们去判别患者的症状是不是由于压力过大而发生或许是不是与某种药物或家庭病史有关。
不要对病况遮遮掩掩，即便有的时分这些症状很难启齿，也不要疏忽哪些你认为不重要的细节
“有些人大便的时分会出血，假如患者不通知咱们，那这将会给整个确诊进程带来很大的费事，由于假如他对这些工作遮遮掩掩，那或许就需求更多的测验才干协助咱们知道他的身体情况。”
美国疾病协会的安排从前创造过一个网上医疗东西，，那么患者就可以直接在它供给的表格上填写自己就诊的原因，自前次医治后呈现的新症状，身体上是否有新的改进，以及他们要向医师提出的新问题。这样的工作，春雨医师也一向在做。
由于在填写表格的进程中，患者自己就会知道自己究竟想要问什么，自己的身体究竟有什么不适。那么在问诊的时分，咱们也要留意不要描绘过长，由于这样的话或许就让医师抓不住你问诊的要点。
而另一件工作就是，由于患者要问的问题太多，而要约到医师的时刻和时机却少得不幸，在这种情况下，移动医疗就给这一诉求带来了光亮，患者可以在打破空间和时刻的约束，得到愈加详尽愈加专业的医疗协助。
当你为医师供给了相对精确明晰的描绘之后，他们就可以更好的把你的症状与病征相匹配，那么就可以更精确的来为你做一个医治计划了。
“我觉得腹部隐约有疼痛感，每逢心境严重的时分，这样的症状就会加重。”比方说这样的描绘就很好，很简单让医师了解。
在春雨医师的网站上，患者可以进行病况的自查，并可以随时向医师问询自己的病况，这会让咱们对自己的身体情况有更明晰地了解，这样就可以为咱们的身体健康供给保证了。
最终，提示咱们，在描绘自己的症状时，要意识到，这是一个与医师协作的进程，由于医师可以经过你的描绘来收拾患者的症状，通知咱们有哪些药物或许医治可以协助咱们缓解病痛，再比方，他们对咱们在饮食，歇息，运动等方面的主张也会让咱们的日子愈加健康。
编译自
How to Describe Medical Symptoms to Your Doctors
Use your own words, don't hold back and don't be shy.
When explaining your symptoms to a doctor, jargon isn't necessary but an analogy can go a long way.
When it comes to describing medical symptoms – from sharp chest pains to sudden mood swings – the patient is the go-to member for the entire health care team.
Unlike signs picked up on physical exams or laboratory results, symptoms are what you experience firsthand and concern you enough to seek health care in the first place.
By explaining symptoms clearly, you help your doctor make the right diagnosis and develop the best treatment plan. So when it comes to describing symptoms, don’t be shy – dive right in and go into detail.
You don’t need to use medical jargon to be understood.
“It’s important for patients to describe things in their own words, not to try to use medical terms or what the doctor is expecting to hear, but to use their own language,” says Barrett Levesque, an assistant professor of clinical medicine at the UC San Diego Health System Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center.
Michael Klinkman, a professor of family medicine at the University of Michigan Health System, agrees that patients shouldn’t try to sound like doctors. “They just need to sound like people. ‘My stomach hurts and it’s really bad and I’m worried about it.’ Now, that’s a place to start from,” Klinkman says.
Presenting a symptom with a strong analogy can be a good way to go.
“When patients say something like, ‘I’m having this headache and it feels like a hammer going off and beating on the one side of my skull,’ I remember that description vividly,” he says. “In one sentence, it tells me that it’s unilateral – on one side of the head – and it’s a throbbing, pounding headache; it might wind up being a cluster headache, just because of that description.”
The basics of symptoms include how they feel, their location in the body (if physical), severity, how often they occur and how long they’ve been happening. Also consider
whether they’re associated with a certain activity, specific injury, time of day, food or drink, or any other triggers or patterns you’ve picked up on.
Levesque says that for many patients, “it could be a recent trip that might have set something off, stressors, medications they’re taking, family history – all are important to learn about, because it puts their symptoms in context.”
Among his patients with inflammatory bowel disease, he wants to know how their lives are affected: “Are they missing days at work? Or they can’t go out at night with their friends on the weekend because it’s always that they need to find a restroom? Or even the simple fact of the troubles they have driving into work, because they have to know where each gas station is.”
Don’t hesitate to mention symptoms even if they seem embarrassing or less than urgent.
“If somebody’s having bleeding in their bowel movements and not talking about [that], it can be difficult to make a diagnosis,” Levesque says. Or “leaving out something like extensive weight loss, for example, that might need additional tests to get to the answer.”
You can communicate with more confidence by preparing in advance, says Penney Cowan, executive director of the American Chronic Pain Association. Her organization offers online tools, including a sheet where patients briefly explain why they’re going to the visit, new symptoms they’ve had since their last visit, how things have improved and any questions they have.
“Now they’re prepared,” Cowan says. “You have to be organized because it’s very intimidating in front of your provider.”
By all means, make a list of concerns, but keep it short and focused, Klinkman advises. Too long a list can obscure what’s most significant and drain away precious office visit time.
“That’s another thing that we kind of cringe about as physicians, because it’s been so hard for patients to get their appointment with me," Klinkman says. "[Then] they have a list of 15 or 20 things they want to know about, and they start going down the list.” .
Attention-grabbing phrases include “I’m worried about this” or “This is concerning to me,” he says. “After you’ve said the two or three things that are really most important, then you might want to ask your doctor something like, ‘Does that make sense to you?’ or get him to engage back with you.”
For his part, Levesque has found some people “may minimize their symptoms because that might just be their personality,” but he warns that if patients say they feel better than they really do, it can affect how doctors interpret their test results.
“It’s helpful sometimes for patients for us to give them some language,” he says, by suggesting, for instance, descriptive terms like “watery” or “oatmeal” for bowel movements.
Other patients have no trouble describing their symptoms in full, Levesque notes, including creative use of technology. “Patients have even become comfortable taking pictures of the toilet to give a view of what they’ve been going through,” he says.
When you give health care providers a good rundown of your symptoms, it can help them make important connections, Klinkman says.
“When we hear something like ‘I’m having these abdominal pains and they come on when I’m stressed, and they bother me every day with no specific pattern,’ we can see pretty quickly that it doesn’t sound like the common medical causes for abdominal pain. It doesn’t sound like an ulcer or gallbladder disease,” or other causes, he says. “But it may be that somebody’s expressing their anxiety or distressthrough more somatic or body-focused symptoms.”
Someone with a condition like fibromyalgia or arthritis could go onto the American Chronic Pain Association site to maintain an interactive pain log. While the log includes the standard “rate your pain on a scale from one to 10,” it drills a lot deeper, allowing patients to concisely self-assess measures such as stress, exercise, sleep, fear of the pain, mood and isolation. Patients can then share these logs with their health team.
When it comes to describing your symptoms, “It’s important to realize that it’s a partnership,” Levesque says. “Doctors will help patients sort out their symptoms and address which ones we can alleviate and which ones there could be solutions [for] outside of medicine, such as dietary changes, rest, exercise, social support – all these things that are part of healthy living – that can be addressed as well.”
